مودول:Wikidata

Methods

The module "Wikidata" contains the following methods, that allow the calling script to retrieve the value for any property from Wikidata by supplying the property ID as the first parameter:

• getValue: Returns wiki-linked values, if applicable. All other values will be output similar to {{#property:}}, except that if values with preferred rank exist, then only they are returned. Unlike formatStatements from w:ru:Модуль:Wikidata, getValue does not yet pick up any references (see w:en:Module talk:Wikidata/Archive 1#Why the references from Wikidata get dropped?).
• getRawValue: Returns non-linked property values and numbers with the thousand separator. It also returns the plain numeric value of a property which is a quantity. All other values will be output similar to {{#property:}}, including normal values, even if preferred values exist.
• getDateValue: Special method to return formatted dates. The default date format is [day month year]; an optional third parameter can be added for other date formats: for [month day, year], add "mdy"; for [month year], add "my"; for year only, add "y". A further optional parameter, which must be fourth, such as "BCE", may be added to override the default "BC" that is suffixed for dates BC.
• getImages: Returns all of the images of a particular property, e.g. image (P18), Gene Atlas Image (P692), etc. Parameters are | propertyID | value / FETCH_WIKIDATA / nil | separator (default=space) | size (default=220px). The returned text will be in the format [[ملف:Filename | size]] for each image with a selectable size and separator (which may be html). If a property is supplied that is not of type "commonsMedia", it will return empty text.
• getUnits This takes a propertyID which is a quantity as the first parameter, and returns the name of the units that the property is using on the current page. It returns empty if the property is not a quantity type or if the value is not set. The second parameter may be used to override fetching from Wikidata, if it is anything other than "FETCH_WIKIDATA".
• getUnitID This takes a propertyID which is a quantity as the first parameter, and returns the QID of the units that the property is using on the current page. It returns empty if the property is not a quantity type or if the value is not set. The second parameter may be used to override fetching from Wikidata, if it is anything other than "FETCH_WIKIDATA".

Wikidata qualifier values (if present) can be retrieved by the following methods:

• getQualifierValue: returns only wiki-linked values, if applicable.
• getRawQualifierValue: returns non-linked values
• getQualifierDateValue: returns formatted dates

If the property is not defined in Wikidata for the article that invokes this code, then an empty string ("") is returned.

Other methods:

• pageId: returns the Wikidata id (Q…) of the current page or nothing if the page is not connected to Wikidata. To get the Wikidata id of another page, use {{#invoke:ResolveEntityId|page}}.
• getTAValue: gets the TA98 (Terminologia Anatomica first edition 1998) values for property P1323. It takes no parameters and constructs its output as a list, with each value linked to an external resource. This is an exemplar for writing calls that need to return external links.
• ViewSomething: gets anything in the structured data, including labels, descriptions, references and interwiki links. See [1]
• getSiteLink: gets name of a page in given in argument wiki (like "enwikiquote" for English Wikiquote, "arwiki" for the Arabic Wikipedia).
• Dump: {{#invoke:Wikidata|Dump|claims}} spies the structured data. It uses the same arguments as ViewSomething. Try this with preview only to see results. That helps you a lot in developing Lua scripts that access the data. If used without arguments, it dumps everything including labels, descriptions, references and interwiki links. There is the wrapper template, see {{Dump}}.
• getImageLegend: returns an image legend (image is property P18; image legend is property P2096).

  Call as {{#invoke:Wikidata |getImageLegend | <PARAMETER> | lang=<ISO-639code> |id=<QID>}}

  Returns PARAMETER, unless it is equal to "FETCH_WIKIDATA", from Item QID (expensive call). If QID is omitted or blank, the current article is used (not an expensive call). If lang is omitted, it uses the local wiki language, otherwise it uses the provided ISO-639 language code.

  The label is returned from the first image with 'preferred' rank; or from the first image with 'normal' rank if no image has preferred rank.

• getValueShortName: returns the same data as getValue, but utilizes the property short name as the label, if available. This allows for piped links to use a shorter label where preferred. If short name is not set on the item, the normal label is used.

Arbitrary Access

As of 16 September 2015, it is now possible to fetch data from other articles by using their QID. The following call:

• {{#invoke:Wikidata|getValueFromID|<QID>|<Property>|FETCH_WIKIDATA}}

will do the same as getValue, but takes an extra parameter, which is the QID of the Wikidata item that you want to get the property value from. For example:

• {{#invoke:Wikidata|getValueFromID|{{Get QID|Richard Burton (actor) }}|P26|FETCH_WIKIDATA}}

will fetch a list of the linked values for 'spouse' (P26) from redirect page title Richard Burton (actor) (corresponding to Wikidata label موضيل:Q) from anywhere in the English Wikipedia.

This means that testing environments may be set up in user space, but remember that these calls are classed as expensive, so please use them as sparingly as possible.

Parameters

• For the generalized case (getValue), two unnamed parameters are supplied. The first is the ID of the property that is to be retrieved (e.g. P19 for birthplace or P26 for spouse). The second may be null, "FETCH_WIKIDATA", or any other string, which becomes the returned value.
• For the generalized unlinked case (getRawValue), two unnamed parameters are supplied. The first is the ID of the property that is to be retrieved (e.g. P21 for gender). The second may be null, "FETCH_WIKIDATA", or any other string, which becomes the returned value.
• For the generalized date case (getDateValue), three unnamed parameters are supplied. The first is the ID of the property that is to be retrieved (e.g. P569 for date of birth). The second may be null, "FETCH_WIKIDATA", or any other string, which becomes the returned value. The third is the format that the date should be returned in, either dmy, mdy, my, or y.

Please note that lower-case parameters are no longer supported by the wikibase call: p123, so please check that upper-case, like P123, is used if problems should arise.

Usage

Example: spouse (P26)

• {{#invoke:Wikidata|getValue|P26|}} = returns nothing, so suppresses the display of spouse in an infobox
• {{#invoke:Wikidata|getValue|P26|FETCH_WIKIDATA}} = returns the linked value(s) of property P26 (spouse) stored in wikidata for the corresponding article (e.g. for article Bill Clinton, it returns Hillary Clinton)
• {{#invoke:Wikidata|getValue|P26|[[Hillary Rodham Clinton]]}} = returns Hillary Rodham Clinton, allowing an infobox to use a local value rather than the value stored in Wikidata.

Example in Infobox template

Inside an infobox definition, it may be called like this:

• | data55 = {{#invoke:Wikidata|getValue|P26|{{{spouse|FETCH_WIKIDATA}}} }}

which causes the infobox to:

1. not display spouse if the infobox parameter |spouse is set to be blank (as "| spouse =")
2. display the linked value(s) from Wikidata if the infobox parameter |spouse is not supplied
3. display the local infobox parameter |spouse if it is supplied (e.g. "|spouse = Hillary Rodham Clinton")

Optionally, it could be called as:

• | data55 = {{#invoke:Wikidata|getValue|P26|{{{spouse|}}} }}

which causes the infobox to:

1. not display spouse if the infobox parameter |spouse is set to be blank (as "| spouse ="}
2. not display spouse if the infobox parameter |spouse is not supplied
3. display the local infobox parameter |spouse if it is supplied (e.g. "|spouse = Hillary Rodham Clinton")
4. display the linked value(s) from Wikidata if the infobox parameter is locally set to FETCH_WIKIDATA

See Module:WikidataIB for a modification that allows fields, on a per article basis, to be blacklisted so that they never display. It also allows the editor to specify, on a per article basis, which fields may be automatically fetched from Wikidata when local parameter is supplied; the default is none, allowing an infobox to be modified to accept Wikidata without any change in the articles using the infobox until the functionality is enabled in the article.

Example:birth place

This works in just the same way as the calls above:

• {{#invoke:Wikidata|getValue|P19|}} = returns nothing, so suppresses the display of birth place in an infobox
• {{#invoke:Wikidata|getValue|P19|FETCH_WIKIDATA}} = returns the linked value(s) of property P19 (place of birth) stored in wikidata for the corresponding article (e.g. for article Bill Clinton, it returns Hope, Arkansas)
• {{#invoke:Wikidata|getValue|P19|[[Hope, Arkansas|Hope]]}} = returns Hope, allowing an infobox to use a local value rather than the value stored in Wikidata.

Example:gender

We don't want the returned value linked, so use:

• - {{#invoke:Wikidata|getRawValue|P21|FETCH_WIKIDATA}}

Example:date of birth

If we want the date of birth in dmy format, we use:

• - {{#invoke:Wikidata|getDateValue|P569|FETCH_WIKIDATA|dmy}}

If we want the date of birth in mdy format, we use:

• - {{#invoke:Wikidata|getDateValue|P569|FETCH_WIKIDATA|mdy}}

If we want a year of birth, we use:

• - {{#invoke:Wikidata|getDateValue|P569|FETCH_WIKIDATA|y}}

If we want a year of birth that may be BC, but should read "BCE", we use:

• - {{#invoke:Wikidata|getDateValue|P569|FETCH_WIKIDATA|y|BCE}}

Example: Linking to Wikidata item

Use the following code to just retrieve the Q-ID:

• - {{#invoke:Wikidata|pageId}}

Linking to Wikidata used the usual Wiki markup:

• - [[d:{{#invoke:Wikidata|pageId}}|Name of Link]]

Example: Linking to another wiki page

Use code like this to link to another wiki. English Wikivoyage in the example:

• - [[voy:{{#invoke:Wikidata|getSiteLink|enwikivoyage}}|Name of Link]]

Testing

Testing spouse

Copy and paste the following into any article and preview it (please don't save!):

 * - {{#invoke:Wikidata|getValue|P26|}}
 * - {{#invoke:Wikidata|getValue|P26|FETCH_WIKIDATA}}
 * - {{#invoke:Wikidata|getValue|P26|[[Hillary Rodham Clinton]]}}

In Bill Clinton you should get:

• -
• - Hillary Clinton
• - Hillary Rodham Clinton

In Barack Obama you should get:

• -
• - Michelle Obama
• - Hillary Rodham Clinton

In Richard Burton you should get:

• -
• - Elizabeth Taylor, Sally Burton, Sybil Christopher, Suzy Miller, Elizabeth Taylor
• - Hillary Rodham Clinton

In Franz Kafka you should get:

• -
• -
• - Hillary Rodham Clinton

Testing birthplace

Copy and paste the following into any article and preview it (please don't save!):

 * - {{#invoke:Wikidata|getValue|P19|}}
 * - {{#invoke:Wikidata|getValue|P19|FETCH_WIKIDATA}}
 * - {{#invoke:Wikidata|getValue|P19|[[Newport]]}}

Try William Ellery and check that the Wikidata call correctly disambiguates.

Testing getValue, getRawValue and getDateValue

Copy and paste the following into any article and preview it (please don't save!):

 * - {{#invoke:Wikidata|getValue|P19|FETCH_WIKIDATA}}
 * - {{#invoke:Wikidata|getValue|P26|FETCH_WIKIDATA}}
 * - {{#invoke:Wikidata|getValue|P27|FETCH_WIKIDATA}}
 * - {{#invoke:Wikidata|getValue|P140|FETCH_WIKIDATA}}
 * - {{#invoke:Wikidata|getRawValue|P21|FETCH_WIKIDATA}}
 * - {{#invoke:Wikidata|getDateValue|P569|FETCH_WIKIDATA|dmy}}
 * - {{#invoke:Wikidata|getDateValue|P569|FETCH_WIKIDATA|mdy}}
 * - {{#invoke:Wikidata|getDateValue|P569|FETCH_WIKIDATA|y}}

This should return the Wikidata values for birthplace, spouse, citizenship, religion, gender, date of birth (twice) and year of birth, if they exist. The dob is first in dmy format and then in mdy.

Testing dates BC/BCE

Copy and paste the following into a short section of article such as Horace #See also and preview it (please don't save!):

 * - {{#invoke:Wikidata|getDateValue|P569|FETCH_WIKIDATA|y}}
 * - {{#invoke:Wikidata|getDateValue|P569|FETCH_WIKIDATA|y|BCE}}

This should return 65 BC and 65 BCE, respectively.

See also

• Module:WikidataIB, for handling Wikidata in infoboxes

---

-- version 20200721 from master @cawiki

local p = {}

-- Initialization of variables --------------------

local i18n = {						-- internationalisation at [[Module:Wikidata/i18n]]
	["errors"] = {
		["property-not-found"] = "Property not found.",
		["qualifier-not-found"] = "Qualifier not found.",
	},
	
	["datetime"] = {
		-- $1 is a placeholder for the actual number
		["beforenow"] = "$1 BCE",	-- how to format negative numbers for precisions 0 to 5
		["afternow"] = "$1 CE",		-- how to format positive numbers for precisions 0 to 5
		["bc"] = "$1 BCE",			-- how print negative years
		["ad"] = "$1",				-- how print 1st century AD dates
		
		[0] = "$1 billion years",	-- precision: billion years
		[1] = "$100 million years",	-- precision: hundred million years
		[2] = "$10 million years",	-- precision: ten million years
		[3] = "$1 million years",	-- precision: million years
		[4] = "$100000 years",		-- precision: hundred thousand years; thousand separators added afterwards
		[5] = "$10000 years",		-- precision: ten thousand years; thousand separators added afterwards
		[6] = "$1 millennium",		-- precision: millennium
		[7] = "$1 century",			-- precision: century
		[8] = "$1s",				-- precision: decade
		-- the following use the format of #time parser function
		[9] = "Y",					-- precision: year, 
		[10] = "F Y",				-- precision: month
		[11] = "F j, Y",			-- precision: day
		
		["hms"] = {["hours"] = "h", ["minutes"] = "m", ["seconds"] = "s"},	-- duration: xh xm xs
	},
	
	["years-old"] = {
		["singular"] = "",			-- year old, as in {{PLURAL:$1|singular|plural}}
		["plural"] = "",			-- years old
		["paucal"] = "",			-- for languages with 3 plural forms as in {{PLURAL:$1|singular|paucal|plural}}
	},
	
	["cite"] = {					-- cite parameters
		["title"] = "title",
		["author"] = "author",
		["date"] = "date",
		["pages"] = "pages",
		["language"] = "language",
		-- cite web parameters
		["url"] = "url",
		["website"] = "website",
		["access-date"] = "access-date",
		["archive-url"] = "archive-url",
		["archive-date"] = "archive-date",
		["publisher"] = "publisher",
		["quote"] = "quote",
		-- cite journal parameters
		["work"] = "work",
		["issue"] = "issue",
		["issn"] = "issn",
		["doi"] = "doi"
	},
	
	-- local wiki settings
	["addpencil"] = false, -- adds a pencil icon linked to Wikidata statement, planned to overwrite by Wikidata Bridge
	["categorylabels"] = "", -- Category:Pages with Wikidata labels not translated (void for no local category)
	["addfallback"] = {} -- additional fallback language codes
}

local cases = {} -- functions for local grammatical cases defined at [[Module:Wikidata/i18n]]

local required = ... -- variadic arguments from require function
local wiki = 
{
	langcode = mw.language.getContentLanguage().code,
	module_title = required or mw.getCurrentFrame():getTitle()
}

local untranslated -- used in infobox modules: nil or true
local _ -- variable for unused returned values, avoiding globals

-- Module local functions --------------------------------------------

-- Credit to http://stackoverflow.com/a/1283608/2644759, cc-by-sa 3.0
local function tableMerge(t1, t2)
	for k, v in pairs(t2) do
		if type(v) == "table" then
			if type(t1[k] or false) == "table" then
				tableMerge(t1[k] or {}, t2[k] or {})
			else
				t1[k] = v
			end
		else
			t1[k] = v
		end
	end
	return t1
end

local function loadI18n(lang)
	local exist, res = pcall(require, wiki.module_title .. "/i18n")
	if exist and next(res) ~= nil then
		tableMerge(i18n, res.i18n)
		cases = res.cases
	end
	if lang ~= wiki.langcode then
		exist, res = pcall(require, wiki.module_title .. "/i18n/" .. lang)
		if exist and next(res) ~= nil then
			tableMerge(i18n, res.i18n)
			tableMerge(cases, res.cases)
		end
	end
end

-- Table of language codes: requested or default and its fallbacks
local function findLang(langcode)
	if mw.language.isKnownLanguageTag(langcode or '') == false then
		local cframe = mw.getCurrentFrame()
		local pframe = cframe:getParent()
		langcode = pframe and pframe.args.lang
		if mw.language.isKnownLanguageTag(langcode or '') == false then
			if not mw.title.getCurrentTitle().isContentPage then
				langcode = cframe:preprocess('{{int:lang}}')
			end
			if mw.language.isKnownLanguageTag(langcode or '') == false then
				langcode = wiki.langcode
			end
		end
	end
	
	loadI18n(langcode)
	
	local languages = mw.language.getFallbacksFor(langcode)
	table.insert(languages, 1, langcode)
	if langcode == wiki.langcode then
		for _, l in ipairs(i18n.addfallback) do
			table.insert(languages, l)
		end
	end
	
	return languages
end

-- Argument is 'set' when it exists (not nil) or when it is not an empty string.
local function isSet(var)
	return not (not var or var == '')
end

-- Set local case to a label
local function case(localcase, label, ...)
	if not isSet(label) then return label end
	
	if localcase == "smallcaps" then
		return '<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">' .. label .. '</span>'
	elseif cases[localcase] then
		return cases[localcase](label, ...)
	end
	
	return label
end

-- get safely a serialized snak
local function getSnak(statement, snaks)
	local ret = statement
	for i, v in ipairs(snaks) do
		if not ret then return end
		ret = ret[v]
	end
	return ret
end

-- mw.wikibase.getLabelWithLang or getLabelByLang with a table of languages
local function getLabelByLangs(id, languages)
	local label
	local lang
	for _, l in ipairs(languages) do
		if l == wiki.langcode then
			-- using getLabelWithLang when possible instead of getLabelByLang, do not solve redirects pending phab:T157868
			label, l = mw.wikibase.getLabelWithLang(id)
		else
			label = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(id, l)
		end
		if label then
			lang = l
			break
		end
	end
	return label, lang
end

-- getBestStatements if bestrank=true, else getAllStatements with no deprecated
local function getStatements(entityId, property, bestrank)
	local claims = {}
	if not (entityId and mw.ustring.match(property, "^P%d+$")) then return claims end
	if bestrank then
		claims = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(entityId, property)
	else
		local allclaims = mw.wikibase.getAllStatements(entityId, property)
		for _, c in ipairs(allclaims) do
			if c.rank ~= "deprecated" then
				table.insert(claims, c)
			end
		end
	end
	return claims
end

-- Is gender femenine? true or false
local function feminineGender(id)
	local claims = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(id or mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage(),'P21')
	if getSnak(claims, {1, "mainsnak", "datavalue"}) == nil then -- no claim, novalue or somevalue
		return false
	else
		local genderId = claims[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.id
		if genderId == "Q6581072" or genderId == "Q1052281" or genderId == "Q43445" then -- female, transgender female, female organism
			return true
		end
	end
	return false
end

-- Fetch female form of label
local function feminineForm(id, lang)
	local feminine_claims = getStatements(id, 'P2521')
	for _, feminine_claim in ipairs(feminine_claims) do
		if getSnak(feminine_claim, {'mainsnak', 'datavalue', 'value', 'language'}) == lang then
			return feminine_claim.mainsnak.datavalue.value.text
		end
	end
end

-- Add an icon for no label in requested language
local function addLabelIcon(label_id, lang, uselang, icon)
	local ret_lang, ret_icon = '', ''
	if icon then
		if lang and lang ~= uselang then
			ret_lang = " <sup>(" .. lang .. ")</sup>"
		end
		if label_id and (lang == nil or lang ~= uselang) then
			ret_icon = " [[ملف:Noun Project label icon 1116097 cc mirror.svg|10px|baseline|"
				.. mw.message.new('Translate-taction-translate'):inLanguage(uselang):plain()
				.. "|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/" .. label_id .. "?uselang=" .. uselang .. "]]"
			untranslated = true
		end
		if isSet(i18n.categorylabels) and lang ~= uselang and uselang == wiki.langcode then
			ret_icon = ret_icon .. '[[' .. i18n.categorylabels .. (lang and ']]' or '/Q]]')
		end
	end
	return ret_lang .. ret_icon
end

-- editicon values: true/false (no=false), right, void defaults to i18n.addpencil
local function setEditIcon(param)
	if not isSet(param) then return i18n.addpencil end
	if param == "false" or param == "no" then return false end
	return param
end

-- Add an icon for editing a statement with requirements for Wikidata Bridge
local function addEditIcon(parameters)
	local ret = ''
	if parameters.editicon and parameters.id and parameters.property then
		local icon_style = parameters.editicon == "right" and ' style="float: right;"' or ''
		ret = ' <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"' .. icon_style .. '>'
			.. "[[ملف:Arbcom ru editing.svg|10px|baseline|"
			.. string.gsub(mw.message.new('Wikibase-client-data-bridge-bailout-suggestion-go-to-repo-button'):inLanguage(parameters.lang[1]):plain(), '{{WBREPONAME}}', 'Wikidata')
			.. "|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" .. parameters.id .. "?uselang=" .. parameters.lang[1] .. "#" .. parameters.property .. "]]"
			.. "</span>"
	end
	return ret
end
-- add edit icon to the last element of a table
local function addEditIconTable(thetable, parameters)
	if #thetable == 0 or parameters.editicon == false then
		return thetable
	end
	local last_element = thetable[#thetable]
	local the_icon = addEditIcon(parameters)
	-- add it before last html closing tags
	local tags = ''
	local rev_element = string.reverse(last_element)
	for tag in string.gmatch(rev_element, '(>%l+/<)') do
		if string.match(rev_element, '^' .. tags .. tag) then
			tags = tags .. tag
		else
			break
		end
	end
	local last_tags = string.reverse(tags)
	local offset = string.find(last_element, last_tags .. '$')
	if offset then
		thetable[#thetable] = string.sub(last_element, 1, offset - 1) .. the_icon .. last_tags
	else
		thetable[#thetable] = last_element .. the_icon
	end
	return thetable
end

-- Escape Lua captures
local function captureEscapes(text)
	return mw.ustring.gsub(text, "(%%%d)", "%%%1")
end

-- expandTemplate or callParserFunction
local function expandBraces(text, formatting)
	if text == nil or formatting == nil then return text end
	-- only expand braces if provided in argument, not included in value as in Q1164668
	if mw.ustring.find(formatting, '{{', 1, true) == nil then return text end
	if type(text) ~= "string" then
		text = tostring(text)
	end
	
	for braces in mw.ustring.gmatch(text, "{{(.-)}}") do
		local parts = mw.text.split(braces, "|")
		local title_part = parts[1]
		local parameters = {}
		for i = 2, #parts do
			local subparts = mw.ustring.find(parts[i], "=")
			if subparts then
				local param_name = mw.ustring.sub(parts[i], 1, subparts - 1)
				local param_value = mw.ustring.sub(parts[i], subparts + 1, -1)
				-- reconstruct broken links by parts
				if i < #parts and mw.ustring.find(param_value, "[[", 1, true) and not mw.ustring.find(param_value, "]]", 1, true) then
					parameters[param_name] = param_value
					local part_next = i + 1
					while parts[part_next] and mw.ustring.find(parts[part_next], "]]", 1, true) do
						parameters[param_name] = parameters[param_name] .. "|" .. parts[part_next]
						part_next = part_next + 1
					end
				else
					parameters[param_name] = param_value
				end
			elseif not mw.ustring.find(parts[i], "]]", 1, true) then
				table.insert(parameters, parts[i])
			end
		end
		
		local braces_expanded
		if mw.ustring.find(title_part, ":")
			and mw.text.split(title_part, ":")[1] ~= mw.site.namespaces[10].name -- not a prefix Template:
			then
			braces_expanded = mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction{name=title_part, args=parameters}
		else
			braces_expanded = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title=title_part, args=parameters}
		end
		braces = mw.ustring.gsub(braces, "([%^%$%(%)%%%.%[%]%*%+%-%?])", "%%%1") -- escape magic characters
		braces_expanded = captureEscapes(braces_expanded)
		text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "{{" .. braces .. "}}", braces_expanded)
	end
	
	return text
end

-- Resolve Wikidata redirects, pending phab:T157868
local function resolveEntityId(id)
	if not id or not mw.wikibase.isValidEntityId(id) then return id end
	-- if no label in English, maybe it is a redirect
	-- not using mw.title.new(id).isRedirect as it is expensive
	-- currently getLabelByLang does not follows redirects
	if mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(id, 'en') == nil then
		local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntity(id) -- expensive function
		if not entity then return nil end
		if id ~= entity.id then
			-- Qid redirected to be fixed
			-- see [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Track/wikidata/redirect]]
			require(wiki.module_title .. '/debug').track('redirect')
			require(wiki.module_title .. '/debug').track('redirect/' .. id)
		else
			-- no redirect and no English label, fix it to avoid expensive functions
			require(wiki.module_title .. '/debug').track('label')
			require(wiki.module_title .. '/debug').track('label/' .. id)
		end
		return entity.id
	end
	return id
end

-- format data type math
local function printDatatypeMath(data)
	return mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction('#tag:math', data)
end

-- format data type musical-notation
local function printDatatypeMusical(data, formatting)
	local attr = {}
	if formatting == 'sound' then
		attr.sound = 1
	end
	return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag('score', data, attr)
end

-- format data type string
local function printDatatypeString(data, parameters)
	if mw.ustring.find((parameters.formatting or ''), '$1', 1, true) then -- formatting = a pattern
		return expandBraces(mw.ustring.gsub(parameters.formatting, '$1', {['$1'] = data}), parameters.formatting)
	elseif parameters.case then
		return case(parameters.case, data, parameters.lang[1])
	end
	local data_number = string.match(data, "^%d+")
	if data_number then -- sort key by initial number and remaining string
		local sortkey = string.format("%019d", data_number * 1000)
		return data, sortkey .. string.sub(data, #data_number + 1)
	end
	return data
end

-- format data type url
local function printDatatypeUrl(data, parameters)
	if parameters.formatting == 'weblink' then
		local label_parts = mw.text.split(string.gsub(data, '/$', ''), '/')
		local label = string.gsub(label_parts[3], '^www%.', '')
		if #label_parts > 3 then
			label = label .. '…'
		end
		return '[' .. data .. ' ' .. label .. ']'
	end
	return printDatatypeString(data, parameters)
end

-- format data type external-id
local function printDatatypeExternal(data, parameters)
	if parameters.formatting == 'externalid' then
		local p_stat = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(parameters.property, 'P1630') -- formatter URL
		local p_link_pattern = getSnak(p_stat, {1, "mainsnak", "datavalue", "value"})
		if p_link_pattern then
			local p_link = mw.ustring.gsub(p_link_pattern, '$1', {['$1'] = data})
			return '[' .. p_link .. ' ' .. data .. ']'
		end
	end
	return printDatatypeString(data, parameters)
end

-- format data type commonsMedia
local function printDatatypeMedia(data, parameters)
	local icon
	if not string.find((parameters.formatting or ''), '$1', 1, true) then
		icon = "no-icon"
		data = mw.uri.encode(data, 'PATH') -- encode special characters in filename
	end
	return printDatatypeString(data, parameters), icon
end

-- format data type globe-coordinate
local function printDatatypeCoordinate(data, formatting)
	local function globes(globe_id)
		local globes = {['Q3134']='callisto',['Q596']='ceres',['Q15040']='dione',['Q2']='earth',['Q3303']='enceladus',
			['Q3143']='europa',['Q17975']='phoebe',['Q3169']='ganymede',['Q3123']='io',['Q17958']='iapetus',
			['Q308']='mercury',['Q15034']='mimas',['Q405']='moon',['Q15050']='rhea',['Q15047']='tethys',
			['Q111']='mars',['Q2565']='titan',['Q3359']='triton',['Q313']='venus',['Q3030']='vesta'}
		return globes[globe_id]
	end
	
	local function roundPrecision(num, prec)
		if prec == nil or prec <= 0 then return num end
		local sig = 10^math.floor(math.log10(prec)+.5) -- significant figure from sexagesimal precision: 0.00123 -> 0.001
		return math.floor(num / sig + 0.5) * sig
	end
	
	local precision = data.precision
	local latitude = roundPrecision(data.latitude, precision)
	local longitude = roundPrecision(data.longitude, precision)
	if formatting and string.find(formatting, '$lat', 1, true) and string.find(formatting, '$lon', 1, true) then
		local ret = mw.ustring.gsub(formatting, '$l[ao][tn]', {['$lat'] = latitude, ['$lon'] = longitude})
		if string.find(formatting, '$globe', 1, true) then
			local myglobe = 'earth'
			if isSet(data.globe) then
				local globenum = mw.text.split(data.globe, 'entity/')[2] -- http://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2
				myglobe = globes(globenum) or 'earth'
			end
			ret = mw.ustring.gsub(ret, '$globe', myglobe)
		end
		return expandBraces(ret, formatting)
	elseif formatting == 'latitude' then
		return latitude, "no-icon"
	elseif formatting == 'longitude' then
		return longitude, "no-icon"
	elseif formatting == 'dimension' then
		return data.dimension, "no-icon"
	else --default formatting='globe'
		if isSet(data.globe) == false or data.globe == 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2' then
			return 'earth', "no-icon"
		else
			local globenum = mw.text.split(data.globe, 'entity/')[2]
			return globes(globenum) or globenum, "no-icon"
		end
	end
end

-- Local functions for data value quantity
local function unitSymbol(id, lang) -- get unit symbol or code
	local unit_symbol = ''
	if lang == wiki.langcode and pcall(require, wiki.module_title .. "/Units") then
		unit_symbol = require(wiki.module_title .. "/Units").getUnit(0, '', id, true)
	end
	if unit_symbol == '' then
		-- fetch it
		local claims = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(id, 'P5061')
		if #claims > 0 then
			local langclaims = {}
			table.insert(lang, 'mul') -- multilingual as last try
			for _, snak in ipairs(claims) do
				local snak_language = getSnak(snak, {"mainsnak", "datavalue", "value", "language"})
				if snak_language and not langclaims[snak_language] then -- just the first one by language
					langclaims[snak_language] = snak.mainsnak.datavalue.value.text
				end
			end
			for _, l in ipairs(lang) do
				if langclaims[l] then
					return langclaims[l]
				end
			end
		end
	end
	return unit_symbol
end

local function getUnit(amount, id, parameters) -- get unit symbol or name
	local suffix = ''
	if parameters.formatting == "unitcode" then
		-- get unit symbol
		local unit_symbol = unitSymbol(id, parameters.lang)
		if isSet(unit_symbol) then
			suffix = unit_symbol
		end
	end
	if suffix == '' then -- formatting=unit, or formatting=unitcode not found
		-- get unit name
		local unit_label, lang = getLabelByLangs(id, parameters.lang)
		if lang == wiki.langcode and pcall(require, wiki.module_title .. "/Units") then
			suffix = require(wiki.module_title .. "/Units").getUnit(amount, unit_label, id, false)
		else
			suffix = (unit_label or id) .. addLabelIcon(id, lang, parameters.lang[1], parameters.editicon)
		end
	end
	if suffix ~= '' then
		suffix = ' ' .. suffix
	end
	return suffix
end

local function roundDefPrecision(in_num, factor)
	-- rounds out_num with significant figures of in_num (default precision)
	local out_num = in_num * factor
	if factor/60 == math.floor(factor/60) then -- sexagesimal integer
		return out_num
	end
	-- first, count digits after decimal mark, handling cases like '12.345e6'
	local exponent, prec
	local integer, dot, decimals, expstr = in_num:match('^(%d*)(%.?)(%d*)(.*)')
	local e = expstr:sub(1, 1)
	if e == 'e' or e == 'E' then
		exponent = tonumber(expstr:sub(2))
	end
	if dot == '' then
		prec = -integer:match('0*$'):len()
	else
		prec = #decimals
	end
	if exponent then
		-- So '1230' and '1.23e3' both give prec = -1, and '0.00123' and '1.23e-3' give 5.
		prec = prec - exponent
	end
	-- significant figures
	local in_bracket = 10^-prec -- -1 -> 10, 5 -> 0.00001
	local out_bracket = in_bracket * out_num / in_num
	out_bracket = 10^math.floor(math.log10(out_bracket)+.5) -- 1230 -> 1000, 0.00123 -> 0.001
	-- round it (credit to Luc Bloom from http://lua-users.org/wiki/SimpleRound)
	return math.floor(out_num/out_bracket + (out_num >=0 and 1 or -1) * 0.5) * out_bracket
end

-- format data type quantity
local function printDatatypeQuantity(data, parameters)
	local amount = data.amount
	amount = mw.ustring.gsub(amount, "%+", "")
	local suffix = ""
	local conv_amount, conv_suffix
	if string.sub(parameters.formatting or '', 1, 4) == "unit" or string.sub(parameters.formatting or '', 1, 8) == "duration" or parameters.convert then
		local unit_id = data.unit
		unit_id = mw.ustring.sub(unit_id, mw.ustring.find(unit_id, "Q"), -1)
		if string.sub(unit_id, 1, 1) == "Q" then
			suffix = getUnit(amount, unit_id, parameters)
			local convert_to
			if parameters.convert == "default" or parameters.convert == "default2" then
				local exist, units = pcall(require, wiki.module_title .. "/Units")
				if exist and next(units.convert_default) ~= nil then
					convert_to = units.convert_default[unit_id]
				end
			elseif string.sub(parameters.convert or '', 1, 1) == "Q" then
				convert_to = resolveEntityId(parameters.convert)
			elseif string.sub(parameters.formatting or '', 1, 8) == "duration" then
				convert_to = 'Q11574' -- seconds
			end
			if convert_to and convert_to ~= unit_id then
				-- convert units
				local conv_temp = { -- formulae for temperatures ºC, ºF, ªK: [from] = {[to] = 'formula'}
					['Q25267'] = {['Q42289'] = '$1*1.8+32', ['Q11597'] = '$1+273.15'},
					['Q42289'] = {['Q25267'] = '($1-32)/1.8', ['Q11597'] = '($1+459.67)*5/9'},
					['Q11597'] = {['Q25267'] = '$1-273.15', ['Q42289'] = '($1-273.15)*1.8000+32.00'}
				}
				if conv_temp[unit_id] and conv_temp[unit_id][convert_to] then
					local amount_f = mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction('#expr', mw.ustring.gsub(conv_temp[unit_id][convert_to], "$1", amount))
					conv_amount = math.floor(tonumber(amount_f) + 0.5)
				else
					local conversions = getStatements(unit_id, 'P2442') -- conversion to standard unit
					table.insert(conversions, mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(unit_id, 'P2370')[1]) -- conversion to SI unit
					for _, conv in ipairs(conversions) do
						if conv.mainsnak.snaktype == 'value' then -- no somevalue nor novalue
							if conv.mainsnak.datavalue.value.unit == "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/" .. convert_to then
								conv_amount = roundDefPrecision(amount, tonumber(conv.mainsnak.datavalue.value.amount))
								break
							end
						end
					end
				end
				if conv_amount then
					conv_suffix = getUnit(conv_amount, convert_to, parameters)
				end
			elseif parameters.convert == 'M' and tonumber(amount) > 10^8 then
				conv_amount = math.floor(amount/10^6 + 0.5)
				conv_suffix = ' M' .. string.sub(suffix, 2)
			end
		end
	end
	local lang_obj = mw.language.new(parameters.lang[1])
	local sortkey = string.format("%019d", tonumber(amount) * 1000)
	if string.sub(parameters.formatting or '', 1, 8) == "duration" then
		local sec = tonumber(conv_amount or amount)
		if parameters.formatting == 'durationhms' or parameters.formatting == 'durationh:m:s' then
			local intervals = {"hours", "minutes", "seconds"}
			local sec2table = lang_obj:getDurationIntervals(sec, intervals)
			sec2table["seconds"] = (sec2table["seconds"] or 0) + tonumber("." .. (tostring(sec):match("%.(%d+)") or "0")) -- add decimals
			local duration = ''
			for i, v in ipairs(intervals) do
				if parameters.formatting == 'durationh:m:s' then
					if i == 1 and sec2table[v] then
						duration = duration .. sec2table[v] .. ":"
					elseif i == 2 then
						duration = duration .. string.format("%02d", sec2table[v] or 0) .. ":"
					elseif i == 3 then
						local sec_str = tostring(lang_obj:formatNum(sec2table[v] or 0))
						duration = duration .. (sec2table[v] < 10 and "0" or "") .. sec_str
					end
				elseif sec2table[v] then
					duration = duration .. lang_obj:formatNum(sec2table[v]) .. i18n.datetime.hms[v] .. (i < 3 and " " or "")
				end
			end
			return duration
		end
	end
	if parameters.case then
		amount = case(parameters.case, amount, parameters.lang[1])
	elseif parameters.formatting ~= 'raw' then
		if parameters.numformat then
			amount = lang_obj:formatNum(tonumber(string.format(parameters.numformat, amount)))
		else
			amount = lang_obj:formatNum(tonumber(amount))
		end
	end
	if conv_amount then
		local conv_sortkey = string.format("%019d", conv_amount * 1000)
		conv_amount = lang_obj:formatNum(conv_amount)
		if parameters.convert == 'default2' then
			return conv_amount .. conv_suffix .. ' (' .. amount .. suffix .. ')', conv_sortkey
		else
			return conv_amount .. conv_suffix, conv_sortkey
		end
	elseif mw.ustring.find((parameters.formatting or ''), '$1', 1, true) then -- formatting with pattern
		amount = mw.ustring.gsub(parameters.formatting, '$1', {['$1'] = amount})
	end
	return amount .. suffix, sortkey
end

-- format data type time
local function printDatatypeTime(data, parameters)
	-- Dates and times are stored in ISO 8601 format
	local timestamp = data.time
	local post_format
	local calendar_add = ""
	local precision = data.precision or 11
	
	if string.sub(timestamp, 1, 1) == '-' then
		post_format = i18n.datetime["bc"]
	elseif string.sub(timestamp, 2, 3) == '00' then
		post_format = i18n.datetime["ad"]
	elseif precision > 8 then
		-- calendar model
		local calendar_model = {["Q12138"] = "gregorian", ["Q1985727"] = "gregorian", ["Q11184"] = "julian", ["Q1985786"] = "julian"}
		local calendar_id = mw.text.split(data.calendarmodel, 'entity/')[2]
		if (timestamp < "+1582-10-15T00:00:00Z" and calendar_model[calendar_id] == "gregorian")
			or (timestamp > "+1582-10-04T00:00:00Z" and calendar_model[calendar_id] == "julian")
			then
			calendar_add = " <sup>(" .. mw.message.new('Wikibase-time-calendar-' .. calendar_model[calendar_id]):inLanguage(parameters.lang[1]):plain() .. ")</sup>"
		end
	end
	
	local function formatTime(form, stamp)
		local pattern
		if type(form) == "function" then
			pattern = form(stamp)
		else
			pattern = form
		end
		stamp = tostring(stamp)
		if mw.ustring.find(pattern, "$1") then
			return mw.ustring.gsub(pattern, "$1", stamp)
		elseif string.sub(stamp, 1, 1) == '-' then -- formatDate() only supports years from 0
			stamp = '+' .. string.sub(stamp, 2)
		elseif string.sub(stamp, 1, 1) ~= '+' then -- not a valid timestamp, it is a number
			stamp = string.format("%04d", stamp)
		end
		local ret = mw.language.new(parameters.lang[1]):formatDate(pattern, stamp)
		ret = string.gsub(ret, "^(%[?%[?)0+", "%1") -- supress leading zeros
		ret = string.gsub(ret, "( %[?%[?)0+", "%1")
		return ret
	end
	
	local function postFormat(t)
		if post_format and mw.ustring.find(post_format, "$1") then
			return mw.ustring.gsub(post_format, "$1", t)
		end
		return t
	end
	
	local intyear = tonumber(string.match(timestamp, "[+-](%d+)"))
	local ret = ""
	
	if precision <= 5 then -- precision is 10000 years or more
		local factor = 10 ^ ((5 - precision) + 4)
		local y2 = math.ceil(math.abs(intyear) / factor)
		local relative = formatTime(i18n.datetime[precision], y2)
		if post_format == i18n.datetime["bc"] then
			ret = mw.ustring.gsub(i18n.datetime.beforenow, "$1", relative)
		else
			ret = mw.ustring.gsub(i18n.datetime.afternow, "$1", relative)
		end
		local ret_number = string.match(ret, "%d+")
		if ret_number ~= nil then
			ret = mw.ustring.gsub(ret, ret_number, mw.language.new(parameters.lang[1]):formatNum(tonumber(ret_number)))
		end
	elseif precision == 6 or precision == 7 then -- millennia or centuries
		local card = math.floor((intyear - 1) / 10^(9 - precision)) + 1
		ret = formatTime(i18n.datetime[precision], card)
		ret = postFormat(ret)
	elseif precision == 8 then -- decades
		local card = math.floor(math.abs(intyear) / 10) * 10
		ret = formatTime(i18n.datetime[8], card)
		ret = postFormat(ret)
	elseif intyear > 9999 then -- not a valid timestamp
		return
	elseif precision == 9 or parameters.formatting == 'Y' then -- precision is year
		ret = formatTime(i18n.datetime[9], intyear)
		ret = postFormat(ret) .. calendar_add
	elseif precision == 10 then -- month
		ret = formatTime(i18n.datetime[10], timestamp .. " + 1 day") -- formatDate yyyy-mm-00 returns the previous month
		ret = postFormat(ret) .. calendar_add
	else -- precision 11, day
		ret = formatTime(parameters.formatting or i18n.datetime[11], timestamp)
		ret = postFormat(ret) .. calendar_add
	end
	return ret, timestamp
end

-- format data value wikibase-entityid: types wikibase-item, wikibase-property
local function printDatatypeEntity(data, parameters)
	local entity_id = data['id']
	if parameters.formatting == 'raw' then
		return entity_id, entity_id
	end
	local entity_page = 'Special:EntityPage/' .. entity_id
	local label, lang = getLabelByLangs(entity_id, parameters.lang)
	local sitelink = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(entity_id)
	local parameter = parameters.formatting
	local labelcase = label or sitelink
	if parameters.gender == 'feminineform' then
		labelcase = feminineForm(entity_id, lang) or labelcase
	end
	if parameters.case ~= 'gender' then
		labelcase = case(parameters.case, labelcase, lang, parameters.lang[1], entity_id, parameters.id)
	end
	local ret1, ret2
	if parameter == 'label' then
		ret1 = labelcase or entity_id
		ret2 = labelcase or entity_id
	elseif parameter == 'sitelink' then
		ret1 = (sitelink or 'd:' .. entity_page)
		ret2 = sitelink or entity_id
	elseif mw.ustring.find((parameter or ''), '$1', 1, true) then -- formatting = a pattern
		ret1 = mw.ustring.gsub(parameter, '$1', labelcase or entity_id)
		ret1 = expandBraces(ret1, parameter)
		ret2 = labelcase or entity_id
	else
		if parameter == "ucfirst" or parameter == "ucinternallink" then
			if labelcase and lang then
				labelcase = mw.language.new(lang):ucfirst(labelcase)
			end
			-- only first of a list, reset formatting for next ones
			if parameter == "ucinterlanllink" then
				parameters.formatting = 'internallink'
			else
				parameters.formatting = nil -- default format
			end
		end
		
		if sitelink then
			ret1 = '[[' .. sitelink .. '|' .. labelcase .. ']]'
			ret2 = labelcase
		elseif label and string.match(parameter or '', 'internallink$') and not mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForTitle(label) then
			ret1 = '[[' .. label .. '|' .. labelcase .. ']]'
			ret2 = labelcase
		else
			ret1 = '[[d:' .. entity_page .. '|' .. (labelcase or entity_id) .. ']]'
			ret2 = labelcase or entity_id
		end
	end
	
	return ret1 .. addLabelIcon(entity_id, lang, parameters.lang[1], parameters.editicon), ret2
end

-- format data type monolingualtext
local function printDatatypeMonolingual(data, parameters)
	-- data fields: language [string], text [string]
	
	if parameters.list == "lang" and data["language"] ~= parameters.lang[1] then
		return
	elseif parameters.formatting == "language" or parameters.formatting == "text" then
		return data[parameters.formatting]
	end
	local result = data["text"]
	if data["language"] ~= wiki.langcode then
		result = mw.ustring.gsub('<span lang="$1">$2</span>', '$[12]', {["$1"]=data["language"], ["$2"]=data["text"]})
	end
	if mw.ustring.find((parameters.formatting or ''), '$', 1, true) then
		-- output format defined with $text, $language
		result = mw.ustring.gsub(parameters.formatting, '$text', result)
		result = mw.ustring.gsub(result, '$language', data["language"])
	end
	return result
end

local function getSnakValue(snak, parameters)
	if snak.snaktype == 'value' then
		-- see Special:ListDatatypes
		if snak.datatype == "string" then
			return printDatatypeString(snak.datavalue.value, parameters)
		-- other data value string, tabular-data not implemented
		elseif snak.datatype == "commonsMedia" then
			return printDatatypeMedia(snak.datavalue.value, parameters)
		elseif snak.datatype == "url" then
			return printDatatypeUrl(snak.datavalue.value, parameters)
		elseif snak.datatype == "external-id" then
			return printDatatypeExternal(snak.datavalue.value, parameters)
		elseif snak.datatype == 'math' then
			return printDatatypeMath(snak.datavalue.value)
		elseif snak.datatype == 'musical-notation' then
			return printDatatypeMusical(snak.datavalue.value, parameters.formatting)
		-- other data types
		elseif snak.datatype == 'wikibase-item' or snak.datatype == 'wikibase-property' then
			return printDatatypeEntity(snak.datavalue.value, parameters)
		elseif snak.datatype == 'monolingualtext' then
			return printDatatypeMonolingual(snak.datavalue.value, parameters)
		elseif snak.datatype == "globe-coordinate" then
			return printDatatypeCoordinate(snak.datavalue.value, parameters.formatting)
		elseif snak.datatype == "quantity" then
			return printDatatypeQuantity(snak.datavalue.value, parameters)
		elseif snak.datatype == "time" then
			return printDatatypeTime(snak.datavalue.value, parameters)
		end
	elseif snak.snaktype == 'novalue' then
		if parameters.formatting == 'raw' or parameters.shownovalue == false then return end
		return mw.message.new('Wikibase-snakview-snaktypeselector-novalue'):inLanguage(parameters.lang[1]):plain()
	elseif snak.snaktype == 'somevalue' then
		if parameters.formatting == 'raw' then return end
		return mw.message.new('Wikibase-snakview-snaktypeselector-somevalue'):inLanguage(parameters.lang[1]):plain()
	end
	return mw.wikibase.renderSnak(snak)
end

local function printError(key)
	return '<span class="error">' .. i18n.errors[key] .. '</span>'
end

local function getQualifierSnak(claim, qualifierId, parameters)
	-- a "snak" is Wikidata terminology for a typed key/value pair
	-- a claim consists of a main snak holding the main information of this claim,
	-- as well as a list of attribute snaks and a list of references snaks
	if qualifierId then
		-- search the attribute snak with the given qualifier as key
		if claim.qualifiers then
			local qualifier = claim.qualifiers[qualifierId]
			if qualifier then
				if qualifier[1].datatype == "monolingualtext" then
					-- iterate over monolingualtext qualifiers to get local language
					for idx in pairs(qualifier) do
						if getSnak(qualifier[idx], {"datavalue", "value", "language"}) == parameters.lang[1] then
							return qualifier[idx]
						end
					end
				elseif parameters.list then
					return qualifier
				else
					return qualifier[1]
				end
			end
		end
		return nil, printError("qualifier-not-found")
	else
		-- otherwise return the main snak
		return claim.mainsnak
	end
end

local function getValueOfClaim(claim, qualifierId, parameters)
	local snak, error = getQualifierSnak(claim, qualifierId, parameters)
	if not snak then
		return nil, nil, error
	elseif snak[1] then -- a multi qualifier
		local result, sortkey = {}, {}
		local maxvals = tonumber(parameters.list)
		for idx in pairs(snak) do
			result[#result + 1], sortkey[#sortkey + 1] = getSnakValue(snak[idx], parameters)
			if maxvals and maxvals == #result then break end
		end
		return mw.text.listToText(result, parameters.qseparator, parameters.qconjunction), sortkey[1]
	else -- a property or a qualifier
		return getSnakValue(snak, parameters)
	end
end

local function getValueOfParentClaim(claim, qualifierId, parameters)
	local qids = mw.text.split(qualifierId, '/', true)
	local value, sortkey, valueraw = {}, {}, {}
	local parent_raw, value_text
	if qids[1] == parameters.property then
		parent_raw, _, _ = getValueOfClaim(claim, nil, {["formatting"]="raw", ["lang"]=parameters.lang})
	else
		parent_raw, _, _ = getValueOfClaim(claim, qids[1], {["formatting"]="raw", ["lang"]=parameters.lang, ["list"]=true, ["qseparator"]='/', ["qconjunction"]='/'})
	end
	if string.sub(parent_raw or '', 1, 1) == "Q" then -- protection for 'no value'
		local parent_qids = mw.text.split(parent_raw, '/', true)
		for idx, p_qid in ipairs(parent_qids) do
			local parent_claims = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(p_qid, qids[2])
			if parent_claims[1] then
				value[idx], sortkey[idx], _ = getValueOfClaim(parent_claims[1], nil, parameters)
				-- raw parent value needed for while/black lists, lang for avoiding an error on types other than entity
				valueraw[idx], _, _ = getValueOfClaim(parent_claims[1], nil, {["formatting"]="raw", ["lang"]=parameters.lang})
			end
		end
	end
	if value[1] then
		value_text = mw.text.listToText(value, parameters.qseparator, parameters.qconjunction)
	end
	return value_text, sortkey[1], valueraw[1]
end

-- see d:Help:Sources
local function getReferences(claim, lang)
	local notproperref = {
		["P143"] = true, -- imported from
		["P3452"] = true, -- inferred from
		["P887"] = true, -- based on heuristic
		["P4656"] = true -- Wikimedia import URL
	}
	local result = ""
	-- traverse through all references
	for ref in pairs(claim.references or {}) do
		local refparts
		local refs = {}
		local validref = true
		local ref_name
		-- traverse through all parts of the current reference
		for snakkey, snakval in pairs(claim.references[ref].snaks or {}) do
			for partkey, _ in pairs(claim.references[ref].snaks[snakkey] or {}) do
				if notproperref[snakkey] then -- not a proper reference
					validref = false
					break
				end
			end
			if validref then
				for snakidx = 1, #snakval do
					if snakidx > 1 then refparts = refparts .. ", " end
					refparts = refparts or '' .. getSnakValue(snakval[snakidx], {lang=lang})
				end
				refs[snakkey] = refparts
				refparts = nil
				if snakkey == "P248" then -- stated in
					ref_name = snakval[1].datavalue.value.id
				end
			end
		end
		
		-- fill missing values with parent item
		if ref_name then
			local function refParent(qid, pid, formatting)
				local snak = getSnak(mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, pid), {1, "mainsnak"})
				return snak and getSnakValue(snak, {formatting=formatting, lang=lang})
			end
			
			refs['P50'] = refs['P50'] or refParent(ref_name, 'P50', 'label') -- author
			refs['P407'] = refs['P407'] or refParent(ref_name, 'P407', 'label') -- language of work
			refs['P123'] = refs['P123'] or refParent(ref_name, 'P123', 'label') -- publisher
			refs['P577'] = refs['P577'] or refParent(ref_name, 'P577') -- date
			refs['P1433'] = refs['P1433'] or refParent(ref_name, 'P1433', 'label') -- published in
			refs['P304'] = refs['P304'] or refParent(ref_name, 'P304') -- page(s)
			refs['P433'] = refs['P433'] or refParent(ref_name, 'P433') -- issue
			refs['P236'] = refs['P236'] or refParent(ref_name, 'P236') -- ISSN
			refs['P356'] = refs['P356'] or refParent(ref_name, 'P356') -- DOI
		end
		
		-- get title of local templates for citing references
		local template_web = mw.wikibase.getSitelink('Q5637226') or ""
		template_web = mw.text.split(template_web, ":")[2] -- split off namespace from front
		local template_journal = mw.wikibase.getSitelink('Q5624899') or ""
		template_journal = mw.text.split(template_journal, ":")[2]
		
		local citeParams = {}
		if refs['P854'] and (refs['P1476'] or refs['P248']) and template_web then
			-- if both "reference URL" and "title" (or "stated in") are present, then use cite web template
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['url']] = refs['P854']
			if refs['P248'] and refs['P1476'] == nil then
				citeParams[i18n['cite']['title']] = refs['P248']:match("^%[%[.-|(.-)%]%]")
			else
				citeParams[i18n['cite']['title']] = refs['P1476']
				citeParams[i18n['cite']['website']] = refs['P248']
			end
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['author']] = refs['P50']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['language']] = refs['P407']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['publisher']] = refs['P123']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['date']] = refs['P577']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['pages']] = refs['P304']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['access-date']] = refs['P813']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['archive-url']] = refs['P1065']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['archive-date']] = refs['P2960']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['quote']] = refs['P1683']
			refparts = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title=template_web, args=citeParams}
		elseif refs['P1433'] and (refs['P1476'] or refs['P248']) and template_journal then
			-- if both "published in" and "title" (or "stated in") are present, then use cite journal template
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['work']] = refs['P1433']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['title']] = refs['P1476'] or refs['P248']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['author']] = refs['P50']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['date']] = refs['P577']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['issue']] = refs['P433']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['pages']] = refs['P304']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['language']] = refs['P407']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['issn']] = refs['P236']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['doi']] = refs['P356']
			refparts = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title=template_journal, args=citeParams}
		elseif validref then
			-- raw ouput
			local snaksorder = claim.references[ref]["snaks-order"]
			local function indexed(a)
				for _, b in ipairs(snaksorder) do
					if b == a then return true end
				end
				return false
			end
			for k, _ in pairs(refs or {}) do
				if not indexed(k) then
					table.insert(snaksorder, k)
				end
			end
			local italics = "''"
			for _, k in ipairs(snaksorder) do
				if refs[k] then
					refparts = refparts and refparts .. " " or ""
					refparts = refparts .. mw.ustring.gsub(getLabelByLangs(k, lang), "^%l", mw.ustring.upper) .. ": "
					refparts = refparts .. italics .. refs[k] .. italics .. "."
					italics = ""
				end
			end
		end
		if refparts then result = mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag("ref", refparts, {name=ref_name}) end
	end
	return result
end

-- Set whitelist or blacklist values
local function setWhiteOrBlackList(num_qual, args)
	local lists = {['whitelist']={}, ['blacklist']={}, ['ignorevalue']={}, ['selectvalue']={}}
	for i = 0, num_qual do
		for k, _ in pairs(lists) do
			if isSet(args[k .. i]) then
				lists[k][tostring(i)] = {}
				for q in string.gmatch(args[k .. i], 'Q%d+') do
					lists[k][tostring(i)][resolveEntityId(q)] = true
				end
			end
		end
	end
	return lists['whitelist'], lists['blacklist'], lists['ignorevalue'], lists['selectvalue']
end

local function tableParameters(args, parameters, column)
	local column_params = mw.clone(parameters)
	column_params.formatting = args["colformat"..column]; if column_params.formatting == "" then column_params.formatting = nil end
	column_params.convert = args["convert" .. column]
	if args["case" .. column] then
		column_params.case = args["case" .. column]
	end
	return column_params
end

local function getEntityId(args, pargs, unnamed)
	pargs = pargs or {}
	local id = args.item or args.from or (unnamed and mw.text.trim(args[1] or '') or nil)
	if not isSet(id) then
		id = pargs.item or pargs.from or (unnamed and mw.text.trim(pargs[1] or '') or nil)
	end
	if isSet(id) then
		if string.find(id, ":") then -- remove prefix as Property:Pid
			id = mw.text.split(id, ":")[2]
		end
	else
		id = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage()
	end
	return id
end

-- Main function claim ---------------------------------------------
-- on debug console use: =p.claim{item="Q...", property="P...", ...}
function p.claim(frame)
	local args = frame.args or frame -- via invoke or require
	local pargs = frame.args and frame:getParent().args or {}
	local is_sandbox = isSet(pargs.sandbox)
	if not required and is_sandbox then
		return require(wiki.module_title .. "/" .. mw.message.new('Sandboxlink-subpage-name'):inLanguage(wiki.langcode):plain()).claim(frame)
	end
	--If a value is already set, use it
	if isSet(args.value) then
		if args.value == 'NONE' then
			return
		else
			return args.value
		end
	end
	
	-- arguments
	local id = getEntityId(args, pargs)
	if id == nil then return end
	local property = string.upper(args.property or "")
	local qualifierId = {}
	qualifierId[1] = isSet(args.qualifier) and string.upper(args.qualifier) or nil
	local i = 2
	while isSet(args["qualifier" .. i]) do
		qualifierId[i] = string.upper(args["qualifier" .. i])
		i = i + 1
	end
	local formatting = isSet(args.formatting) and args.formatting or nil
	local convert = isSet(args.convert) and args.convert or nil
	local case = args.case
	local list = args.list or true; if (list == "false" or list == "no") then list = false end
	if list == 'firstrank' then list = 'bestrank' end -- alias
	local shownovalue = args.shownovalue or true; if (shownovalue == "false" or shownovalue == "no") then shownovalue = false end
	local sorting_col = args.tablesort
	local sorting_up = (args.sorting or "") ~= "-1"
	local separator = isSet(args.separator) and args.separator
	local conjunction = isSet(args.conjunction) and args.conjunction or separator
	local rowformat = args.rowformat
	local references = args.references
	local showerrors = args.showerrors
	local default = args.default
	if default then showerrors = nil end
	
	local parameters = {["id"] = id, ["property"] = property, ["formatting"] = formatting, ["convert"] = convert,
		["list"] = list, ["case"] = case, ["shownovalue"] = shownovalue,
		["separator"] = separator, ["conjunction"] = conjunction, ["qseparator"] = separator, ["qconjunction"] = conjunction}
	parameters.lang = findLang(args.lang)
	parameters.editicon = formatting ~= "raw" and setEditIcon(args.editicon or pargs.editicon) or false -- needs loadI18n by findLand
	
	-- fetch property
	local claims = {}
	local bestrank = (parameters.list == false or parameters.list == 'bestrank') and parameters.list ~= 'lang'
	for p in string.gmatch(parameters.property, 'P%d+') do
		claims = getStatements(id, p, bestrank)
		if #claims > 0 then
			parameters.property = p
			break
		end
	end
	if #claims == 0 then
		if showerrors then return printError("property-not-found") else return default end
	end
	
	-- defaults for table
	local preformat, postformat = "", ""
	local whitelisted = false
	local whitelist, blacklist, ignorevalue, selectvalue = {}, {}, {}, {}
	if parameters.formatting == "table" then
		parameters.separator = parameters.separator or "<br />"
		parameters.conjunction = parameters.conjunction or "<br />"
		parameters.qseparator = ", "
		parameters.qconjunction = ", "
		if not rowformat then
			rowformat = "$0 ($1"
			i = 2
			while qualifierId[i] do
				rowformat = rowformat .. ", $" .. i
				i = i + 1
			end
			rowformat = rowformat .. ")"
		elseif mw.ustring.find(rowformat, "^[*#]") then
			parameters.separator = "</li><li>"
			parameters.conjunction = "</li><li>"
			if mw.ustring.match(rowformat, "^[*#]") == "*" then
				preformat = "<ul><li>"
				postformat = "</li></ul>"
			else
				preformat = "<ol><li>"
				postformat = "</li></ol>"
			end
			rowformat = mw.ustring.gsub(rowformat, "^[*#] ?", "")
		end
		
		-- set whitelist and blacklist values
		whitelist, blacklist, ignorevalue, selectvalue = setWhiteOrBlackList(#qualifierId, args)
		local next = next
		if next(whitelist) ~= nil then whitelisted = true end
	end
	
	-- set feminine case if gender is requested
	local itemgender = args.itemgender
	local idgender
	if itemgender then
		if string.match(itemgender, "^P%d+$") then
			local snak_id = getSnak(mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(id, itemgender), {1, "mainsnak", "datavalue", "value", "id"})
			if snak_id then
				idgender = snak_id
			end
		elseif string.match(itemgender, "^Q%d+$") then
			idgender = itemgender
		end
	end
	local gender_requested = false
	if parameters.case == "gender" or idgender then
		gender_requested = true
	elseif parameters.formatting == "table" then
		for i=0, #qualifierId do
			if args["case" .. i] and args["case" .. i] == "gender" then
				gender_requested = true
				break
			end
		end
	end
	if gender_requested then
		if feminineGender(idgender or id) then
			parameters.gender = "feminineform"
		end
	end
	
	-- get initial sort indices
	local sortindices = {}
	for idx in pairs(claims) do
		sortindices[#sortindices + 1] = idx
	end
	-- sort by claim rank
	local comparator = function(a, b)
		local rankmap = { deprecated = 2, normal = 1, preferred = 0 }
		local ranka = rankmap[claims[a].rank or "normal"] .. string.format("%08d", a)
		local rankb = rankmap[claims[b].rank or "normal"] .. string.format("%08d", b)
		return ranka < rankb
	end
	table.sort(sortindices, comparator)
	
	local result, result2
	local error
	if parameters.list or parameters.formatting == "table" then
		-- convert LF to line feed, <br /> may not work on some cases
		parameters.separator = parameters.separator == "LF" and "\010" or parameters.separator
		parameters.conjunction = parameters.conjunction == "LF" and "\010" or parameters.conjunction
		-- i18n separators
		parameters.separator = parameters.separator or mw.message.new('Comma-separator'):inLanguage(parameters.lang[1]):plain()
		parameters.conjunction = parameters.conjunction or (mw.message.new('And'):inLanguage(parameters.lang[1]):plain() .. mw.message.new('Word-separator'):inLanguage(parameters.lang[1]):plain())
		-- iterate over all elements and return their value (if existing)
		local value, valueq
		local sortkey, sortkeyq
		local values = {}
		local sortkeys = {}
		local refs = {}
		local rowlist = {} -- rows to list with whitelist or blacklist
		for idx in pairs(claims) do
			local claim = claims[sortindices[idx]]
			local reference = {}
			if not whitelisted then rowlist[idx] = true end
			if parameters.formatting == "table" then
				local params = tableParameters(args, parameters, "0")
				value, sortkey, error = getValueOfClaim(claim, nil, params)
				if value then
					values[#values + 1] = {}
					sortkeys[#sortkeys + 1] = {}
					refs[#refs + 1] = {}
					if whitelist["0"] or blacklist["0"] then
						local valueraw, _, _ = getValueOfClaim(claim, nil, {["formatting"]="raw", ["lang"]=params.lang})
						if whitelist["0"] and whitelist["0"][valueraw or ""] then
							rowlist[#values] = true
						elseif blacklist["0"] and blacklist["0"][valueraw or ""] then
							rowlist[#values] = false
						end
					end
					for i, qual in ipairs(qualifierId) do
						local j = tostring(i)
						params = tableParameters(args, parameters, j)
						local valueq, sortkeyq, valueraw
						if qual == parameters.property then -- hack for getting the property with another formatting, i.e. colformat1=raw
							valueq, sortkeyq, _ = getValueOfClaim(claim, nil, params)
						else
							for q in mw.text.gsplit(qual, '%s*OR%s*') do
								if string.find(q, ".+/.+") then
									valueq, sortkeyq, valueraw = getValueOfParentClaim(claim, q, params)
								elseif string.find(q, "^/.+") then
									local claim2 = getStatements(id, string.sub(q, 2), bestrank)
									if #claim2 > 0 then
										valueq, sortkeyq, _ = getValueOfClaim(claim2[1], nil, params)
									end
								else
									valueq, sortkeyq, _ = getValueOfClaim(claim, q, params)
								end
								if valueq then break end
							end
						end
						values[#values]["col" .. j] = valueq
						sortkeys[#sortkeys]["col" .. j] = sortkeyq or valueq
						if whitelist[j] or blacklist[j] or ignorevalue[j] or selectvalue[j] then
							valueq = valueraw or getValueOfClaim(claim, qual, {["formatting"]="raw", ["lang"]=params.lang})
							if whitelist[j] and whitelist[j][valueq or ""] then
								rowlist[#values] = true
							elseif blacklist[j] and blacklist[j][valueq or ""] then
								rowlist[#values] = false
							elseif ignorevalue[j] and ignorevalue[j][valueq or ""] then
								values[#values]["col" .. j] = nil
							elseif selectvalue[j] and not selectvalue[j][valueq or ""] then
								values[#values]["col" .. j] = nil
							end
						end
					end
				end
			else
				value, sortkey, error = getValueOfClaim(claim, qualifierId[1], parameters)
				values[#values + 1] = {}
				sortkeys[#sortkeys + 1] = {}
				refs[#refs + 1] = {}
			end
			if not value and showerrors then value = error end
			if value then
				if references and claim.references then reference = claim.references end
				refs[#refs]["col0"] = reference
				values[#values]["col0"] = value
				sortkeys[#sortkeys]["col0"] = sortkey or value
			end
		end
		-- sort and format results
		sortindices = {}
		for idx in pairs(values) do
			sortindices[#sortindices + 1] = idx
		end
		if sorting_col then
			local sorting_table = mw.text.split(sorting_col, '%D+')
			local comparator = function(a, b)
				local valuea, valueb
				local i = 1
				while valuea == valueb and i <= #sorting_table do
					valuea = sortkeys[a]["col" .. sorting_table[i]] or ''
					valueb = sortkeys[b]["col" .. sorting_table[i]] or ''
					i = i + 1
				end
				
				if sorting_up then
					return valueb > valuea
				end
				return valueb < valuea
			end
			table.sort(sortindices, comparator)
		end
		local maxvals = tonumber(parameters.list)
		result = {}
		for idx in pairs(values) do
			local valuerow = values[sortindices[idx]]
			local reference = getReferences({["references"] = refs[sortindices[idx]]["col0"]}, parameters.lang)
			
			value = valuerow["col0"]
			if parameters.formatting == "table" then
				if not rowlist[sortindices[idx]] then
					value = nil
				else
					local rowformatting = rowformat .. "$" -- fake end character added for easy gsub
					value = mw.ustring.gsub(rowformatting, "$0", {["$0"] = value})
					value = mw.ustring.gsub(value, "$R0", reference) -- add reference
					for i, _ in ipairs(qualifierId) do
						local valueq = valuerow["col" .. i]
						if args["rowsubformat" .. i] and isSet(valueq) then
							-- add fake end character $
							-- gsub $i not followed by a number so $1 doesn't match $10, $11...
							-- remove fake end character
							valueq = captureEscapes(valueq)
							valueq = mw.ustring.gsub(args["rowsubformat" .. i] .. "$", "$" .. i .. "(%D)", valueq .. "%1")
							valueq = string.sub(valueq, 1, -2)
							rowformatting = mw.ustring.gsub(rowformatting, "$" .. i .. "(%D)", args["rowsubformat" .. i] .. "%1")
						end
						valueq = valueq and captureEscapes(valueq) or ''
						value = mw.ustring.gsub(value, "$" .. i .. "(%D)", valueq .. "%1")
					end
					value = string.sub(value, 1, -2) -- remove fake end character
					value = expandBraces(value, rowformatting)
				end
			elseif value then
				value = expandBraces(value, parameters.formatting)
				value = value .. reference
			end
			if isSet(value) then
				result[#result + 1] = value
				if not parameters.list or (maxvals and maxvals == #result) then
					break
				end
			end
		end
		-- in a table, add edit icon on last element
		if parameters.formatting == 'table' then
			result = addEditIconTable(result, parameters)
		end
		result = preformat .. mw.text.listToText(result, parameters.separator, parameters.conjunction) .. postformat
	else
		-- return first element
		local claim = claims[sortindices[1]]
		result, result2, error = getValueOfClaim(claim, qualifierId[1], parameters)
		if result and references then result = result .. getReferences(claim, parameters.lang) end
	end
	
	if isSet(result) then
		if not (parameters.formatting == 'table' or (result2 and result2 == 'no-icon')) then
			-- add edit icon, except table added previously and except explicit no-icon internal flag
			result = result .. addEditIcon(parameters)
		end
	else
		if showerrors then result = error else result = default end
	end
	return result, (required and not is_sandbox) and untranslated or ''
end

-- Local functions for getParentValues -----------------------

local function uc_first(word)
	return mw.ustring.upper(mw.ustring.sub(word, 1, 1)) .. mw.ustring.sub(word, 2)
end

local function getPropertyValue(id, property, parameter, langs, editicon, case)
	local snaks = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(id, property)
	local mysnak = getSnak(snaks, {1, "mainsnak"})
	if mysnak == nil then
		return
	end
	
	local entity_id
	local result = '-' -- default for 'no value'
	if mysnak.datavalue then
		entity_id = "Q" .. tostring(mysnak.datavalue.value['numeric-id'])
		result, _ = getSnakValue(mysnak, {formatting=parameter, lang=langs, editicon=editicon, case=case})
	end
	
	return entity_id, result
end

local function getParentObjects(id,
	prop_format,
	label_format,
	languages, 
	propertySupString, 
	propertyLabel,
	propertyLink,
	labelShow,
	editicon,
	upto,
	upto_linkId,
	last_only,
	grammatical_case,
	include_self)
	
	if upto_linkId == nil then upto_linkId = "" end
	local upto_link_ids = {}
	for q in mw.text.gsplit(upto_linkId, '[^Q%d]') do
		upto_link_ids[resolveEntityId(q)] = true
	end
	local propertySups = mw.text.split(propertySupString, '[^P%d]')
	
	local lastlabel = uc_first(upto or '')
	local maxloop = tonumber(upto) or ((lastlabel .. upto_linkId) == '' and 10 or 50)
	
	local labelFilter = {}
	if labelShow then
		for _, v in ipairs(mw.text.split(labelShow, "/")) do
			labelFilter[uc_first(v)] = true
		end
	end
	
	local label_self
	_, label_self = getPropertyValue(id, propertyLabel, label_format, languages)
	
	local result = {}
	
	for iter = 1, maxloop do
		local link, label, linktext, _id, _link
		for _, propertySup in pairs(propertySups) do 	
			_id, _link = getPropertyValue(id, propertySup, prop_format, languages, editicon, grammatical_case)
			if _id and _link then id = _id; link = _link break end 
		end
		
		if not id or not link then break end
		
		if propertyLink then
			_, linktext = getPropertyValue(id, propertyLink, "label", languages)
			if linktext then
				link = mw.ustring.gsub(link, "%[%[(.*)%|.+%]%]", "[[%1|" .. linktext .. "]]")
			end
		end
		
		_, label = getPropertyValue(id, propertyLabel, label_format, languages, false, "infoboxlabel")
		
		if labelShow == nil or labelFilter[label] then
			result[#result + 1] = {label, link}
			
			if label then 
				labelFilter[label] = nil -- only first label found
			end
		end
		
		if label == lastlabel or upto_link_ids[id] then
			break
		end
	end
	
	if last_only then
		result = {result[#result]}
	end
	
	if include_self then table.insert(result, 1, {label_self, mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text}) end
	
	return result
end

local function parentObjectsToString(result,
	rowformat,
	cascade,
	sorting)
	
	local ret = {}
	local first = 1
	local last = #result
	local iter = 1
	if sorting == "-1" then first = #result; last = 1; iter = -1 end
	for i = first, last, iter do
		local rowtext = mw.ustring.gsub(rowformat, "$[01]", {["$0"] = result[i][1], ["$1"] = result[i][2]})
		ret[#ret +1] = expandBraces(rowtext, rowformat)
	end
	
	if cascade then
		local prefix = ""
		for i = 1, #ret do
			ret[i] = prefix .. "• " .. ret[i]
			prefix = prefix .. "&nbsp;"
		end
	end
	
	return ret
end

-- Returns pairs of instance label and property value fetching a recursive tree
function p.getParentValues(frame)
	local args = frame.args or frame -- via invoke or require
	local pargs = frame.args and frame:getParent().args or {}
	if not required and isSet(pargs.sandbox) then
		return require(wiki.module_title .. "/" .. mw.message.new('Sandboxlink-subpage-name'):inLanguage(wiki.langcode):plain()).getParentValues(frame)
	end
	local id = getEntityId(args, pargs)
	if id == nil then return end
	local languages = findLang(args.lang)
	local propertySup = args.property; if not isSet(propertySup) then propertySup = "P131" end --administrative entity
	local propertyLabel = args.label; if not isSet(propertyLabel) then propertyLabel = "P31" end --instance
	local propertyLink = args.valuetext; if propertyLink == "" then propertyLink = nil end --internallink
	local property_format = args.formatting; if property_format == "" then property_format = nil end
	local label_format = args.labelformat; if not isSet(label_format) then label_format = "label" end
	local upto = args.upto; if upto == "" then upto = nil end
	local last_only = (args.last_only == "true" or args.last_only == "yes")
	local labelShow = args.labelshow; if labelShow == "" then labelShow = nil end
	local editicon = setEditIcon(args.editicon or pargs.editicon)
	local include_self = (args.include_self == "true" or args.include_self == "yes")
	local case = args.case; if case == "" then case = nil end
	
	if isSet(args.uptolabelid) then
		upto, _ = getLabelByLangs(args.uptolabelid, languages)
	end
	
	if isSet(args.showlabelid) then
		local showLabelList = {}
		for substring in mw.text.gsplit(args.showlabelid, '[^Q%d]') do
			table.insert(showLabelList, (getLabelByLangs(substring, languages)))
		end
		if #showLabelList > 0 then
			labelShow = table.concat(showLabelList,"/")
		end
	end
	
	local result = getParentObjects(id,
		property_format,
		label_format,
		languages, 
		propertySup, 
		propertyLabel,
		propertyLink,
		labelShow,
		editicon,
		upto,
		args.uptovalueid or args.uptolinkid,
		last_only,
		case,
		include_self)
	if #result == 0 then return end
	
	local rowformat = args.rowformat; if not isSet(rowformat) then rowformat = "$0 = $1" end
	local separator = args.separator; if not isSet(separator) then separator = "<br />" end
	local sorting = args.sorting; if sorting == "" then sorting = nil end
	local cascade = (args.cascade == "true" or args.cascade == "yes")
	
	local ret = parentObjectsToString(result,
		rowformat,
		cascade,
		sorting)
	ret = addEditIconTable(ret, {property=propertySup, editicon=editicon, id=id, lang=languages})
	return mw.text.listToText(ret, separator, separator)
end

-- Link with a parent label --------------------
function p.linkWithParentLabel(frame)
	local pargs = frame.args and frame:getParent().args or {}
	if not required and isSet(pargs.sandbox) then
		return require(wiki.module_title .. "/" .. mw.message.new('Sandboxlink-subpage-name'):inLanguage(wiki.langcode):plain()).linkWithParentLabel(frame)
	end
	local args = {}
	if frame.args then
		for k, v in pairs(frame.args) do -- metatable
			args[k] = v
		end
	else
		args = frame -- via require
	end
	if isSet(args.value) then
		return args.value
	end
	
	-- get id value of property/qualifier
	local largs = mw.clone(args)
	largs.list = tonumber(args.list) and args.list or "true"
	largs.formatting = "raw"
	largs.separator = "/·/"
	largs.editicon = "false"
	local items_list, _ = p.claim(largs)
	if not isSet(items_list) then return end
	local items_table = mw.text.split(items_list, "/·/", true)
	
	-- get internal link of property/qualifier
	largs.formatting = "internallink"
	local link_list, _ = p.claim(largs)
	local link_table = mw.text.split(link_list, "/·/", true)
	
	-- get label of parent property
	local parent_claim = getSnak(getStatements(items_table[1], args.parent, true), {1, "mainsnak", "datatype"})
	if parent_claim == 'monolingualtext' then
		largs.formatting = nil
		largs.list = 'lang'
	else
		largs.formatting = "label"
		largs.list = "false"
	end
	largs.property = args.parent
	largs.qualifier = nil
	for i, v in ipairs(items_table) do
		largs.item = v
		local link_label, _ = p.claim(largs)
		if isSet(link_label) then
			link_table[i] = mw.ustring.gsub(link_table[i] or '', "%[%[(.*)%|.+%]%]", "[[%1|" .. link_label .. "]]")
		end
	end
	args.editicon = setEditIcon(args.editicon or pargs.editicon)
	args.id = getEntityId(args, pargs)
	args.lang = findLang(args.lang)
	return mw.text.listToText(link_table) .. addEditIcon(args)
end

-- Calculate number of years old ----------------------------
function p.yearsOld(frame)
	if not required and frame.args and isSet(frame:getParent().args.sandbox) then
		return require(wiki.module_title .. "/" .. mw.message.new('Sandboxlink-subpage-name'):inLanguage(wiki.langcode):plain()).yearsOld(frame)
	end
	local args = frame.args or frame -- via invoke or require
	local pargs = frame.args and frame:getParent().args or {}
	local id = getEntityId(args, pargs)
	if id == nil then return end
	local lang = mw.language.new('en')
	
	local function getBestValue(id, prop)
		local snak_value = getSnak(mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(id, prop), {1, "mainsnak", "datavalue", "value"})
		return snak_value
	end
	
	local birth = getBestValue(id, 'P569')
	if type(birth) ~= 'table' or birth.time == nil or birth.precision == nil or birth.precision < 8 then
		return
	end
	local death = getBestValue(id, 'P570')
	if type(death) ~= 'table' or death.time == nil or death.precision == nil then
		death = {['time'] = lang:formatDate('c'), ['precision'] = 11} -- current date
	elseif death.precision < 8 then
		return
	end
	
	local dates = {}
	dates[1] = {['min'] = {}, ['max'] = {}, ['precision'] = birth.precision}
	dates[1].min.year = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(birth.time, "^[+-]?%d+"))
	dates[1].min.month = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(birth.time, "\-(%d%d)\-"))
	dates[1].min.day = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(birth.time, "\-(%d%d)T"))
	dates[1].max = mw.clone(dates[1].min)
	dates[2] = {['min'] = {}, ['max'] = {}, ['precision'] = death.precision}
	dates[2].min.year = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(death.time, "^[+-]?%d+"))
	dates[2].min.month = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(death.time, "\-(%d%d)\-"))
	dates[2].min.day = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(death.time, "\-(%d%d)T"))
	dates[2].max = mw.clone(dates[2].min)
	
	for i, d in ipairs(dates) do
		if d.precision == 10 then -- month
			d.min.day = 1
			local timestamp = string.format("%04d", tostring(math.abs(d.max.year)))
				.. string.format("%02d", tostring(d.max.month))
				.. "01"
			d.max.day = tonumber(lang:formatDate("j", timestamp .. " + 1 month - 1 day"))
		elseif d.precision < 10 then -- year or decade
			d.min.day = 1
			d.min.month = 1
			d.max.day = 31
			d.max.month = 12
			if d.precision == 8 then -- decade
				d.max.year = d.max.year + 9
			end
		end
	end
	
	local function age(d1, d2)
		local years = d2.year - d1.year
		if d2.month < d1.month or (d2.month == d1.month and d2.day < d1.day) then
			years = years - 1
		end
		if d2.year > 0 and d1.year < 0 then
			years = years - 1 -- no year 0
		end
		return years
	end
	
	local old_min = age(dates[1].max, dates[2].min)
	local old_max = age(dates[1].min, dates[2].max)
	local old, old_expr
	if old_min == 0 and old_max == 0 then
		old = "< 1"
		old_max = 1 -- expression in singular
	elseif old_min == old_max then
		old = old_min
	else
		old = old_min .. "/" .. old_max
	end
	if args.formatting == 'unit' then
		local langs = findLang(args.lang)
		local yo, yo_sg, yo_pl, yo_pau
		if langs[1] == wiki.langcode then
			yo_sg = i18n["years-old"].singular
			yo_pl = i18n["years-old"].plural
			yo_pau = i18n["years-old"].paucal
		end
		if not isSet(yo_pl) then
			yo_pl, _ = getLabelByLangs('Q24564698', langs)
			yo_sg = yo_pl
		end
		if not isSet(yo_pau) then
			yo_pau = yo_pl
		end
		yo = mw.language.new(langs[1]):plural(old_max, {yo_sg, yo_pau, yo_pl})
		if mw.ustring.find(yo, '$1', 1, true) then
			old_expr = mw.ustring.gsub(yo, "$1", old)
		else
			old_expr = old .. '&nbsp;' .. yo
		end
	elseif args.formatting then
		old_expr = expandBraces(mw.ustring.gsub(args.formatting, '$1', old), args.formatting)
	else
		old_expr = old
	end
	
	return old_expr
end

-- Gets a label in a given language (content language by default) or its fallbacks, optionnally linked.
function p.getLabel(frame)
	local args = frame.args or frame -- via invoke or require
	local pargs = frame.args and frame:getParent().args or {}
	if not required and isSet(pargs.sandbox) then
		return require(wiki.module_title .. "/" .. mw.message.new('Sandboxlink-subpage-name'):inLanguage(wiki.langcode):plain()).getLabel(frame)
	end
	local id = getEntityId(args, pargs, 1)
	if id == nil then return end
	local languages = findLang(args.lang)
	local editicon = mw.wikibase.isValidEntityId(id) and setEditIcon(args.editicon or pargs.editicon) or false
	
	local label_icon = ''
	local label, lang
	if args.label then
		label = args.label
	else
		-- exceptions or labels fixed
		local exist, labels = pcall(require, wiki.module_title .. "/labels" .. (languages[1] == wiki.langcode and '' or '/' .. languages[1]))
		if exist and next(labels.infoboxLabelsFromId) ~= nil then
			label = labels.infoboxLabelsFromId[id]
		end
		
		if label == nil then
			label, lang = getLabelByLangs(id, languages)
			if label then
				if args.itemgender and feminineGender(args.itemgender) then
					label = feminineForm(id, lang) or label
				end
				label = mw.language.new(lang):ucfirst(mw.text.nowiki(label)) -- sanitize
			end
			label_icon = addLabelIcon(id, lang, languages[1], editicon)
		end
	end
	
	local linked = args.linked
	if isSet(linked) and linked ~= "no" then
		local article = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(id) or ("d:Special:EntityPage/" .. id)
		return "[[" .. article .. "|" .. (label or id) .. "]]" .. label_icon, not required and '' or untranslated
	else
		return (label or id) .. label_icon, not required and '' or untranslated
	end
end

-- Utilities -----------------------------
-- See also module ../debug.

-- Copied from Module:Wikibase
function p.getSiteLink(frame)
	local args = frame.args or frame -- via invoke or require
	local pargs = frame.args and frame:getParent().args or {}
	local id = getEntityId(args, pargs, 1)
	if id == nil then return end
	return mw.wikibase.getSitelink(id, mw.text.trim(frame.args[2] or ''))
end

-- Helper function for the default language code used
function p.lang(frame)
	local lang = frame and frame.args[1] -- nil via require
	return findLang(lang)[1]
end

-- Number of statements
function p.numStatements(frame)
	local args = frame.args or frame -- via invoke or require
	local pargs = frame.args and frame:getParent().args or {}
	local id = getEntityId(args, pargs)
	if id == nil then return 0 end
	local prop = mw.text.trim(args[1])
	local num = {}
	if args[2] then -- qualifier
		local qual = mw.text.trim(args[2])
		local values = p.claim{item=id, property=prop, qualifier=qual, formatting='raw', separator='/·/'}
		if values then
			num = mw.text.split(values, '/·/')
		end
	else
		num = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(id, prop)
	end
	return #num
end

-- Returns true if property datavalue is found excluding novalue/somevalue
function p.validProperty(frame)
	local args = frame.args or frame -- via invoke or require
	local pargs = frame.args and frame:getParent().args or {}
	local item = getEntityId(args, pargs)
	if item == nil then return end
	local property = mw.text.trim(args[1])
	local prop_data = getSnak(mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(item, property), {1, "mainsnak", "datavalue"})
	return prop_data and true or nil
end

function p.editAtWikidata(frame)
	local args = frame.args or frame -- via invoke or require
	local pargs = frame.args and frame:getParent().args or {}
	local value = isSet(args[1])
	if value then return end
	local param = {}
	param.id = getEntityId(args, pargs)
	param.property = args.property
	param.lang = findLang(args.lang)
	param.editicon = setEditIcon(args.editicon)
	return addEditIcon(param)
end

function p.formatNum(frame)
	local num = tonumber(mw.text.trim(frame.args[1]))
	local lang = findLang(mw.text.trim(frame.args[2]))
	return mw.language.new(lang[1]):formatNum(num)
end


return p